Board Gaming Hub · Guides

Go Rules for Beginners (Baduk / Weiqi)

Liberties, capture, ko, territory vs area scoring, the pass-pass endgame, and dead-stone marking on 9, 13, and 19 boards.
Updated June 2026

Go — known as Baduk in Korea and Weiqi in China — is the ancient game of territory and influence. Two players place black and white stones on the intersections of a grid, competing to surround more of the board. The Board Gaming Hub build is single-player versus an AI and offers three board sizes: 9×9 for a quick game, 13×13 for a middle ground, and the full 19×19. The rules are short; the depth is famous.

Placing stones

Black plays first. Stones go on the intersections of the grid lines, not the squares, and once placed a stone never moves — it can only be captured. Same-color stones connected horizontally or vertically (never diagonally) form a single group that lives or dies together.

Liberties and capture

A group's liberties are the empty intersections directly adjacent to it. As long as a group has at least one liberty it stays on the board. Fill its last liberty and the whole group is captured and removed. You may not play a stone that would leave your own group with zero liberties (a suicide) — unless that same move captures an enemy group and thereby gains a liberty.

The ko rule: you may not play a move that recreates the exact board position of the previous turn. This stops endless back-and-forth recapture of a single stone; you must play elsewhere first, then you can return.

Ending the game: pass, pass, then mark the dead

When neither player wants to add stones, they pass. Two consecutive passes end the game. The board then enters a scoring step: click any group of stones that cannot avoid capture to mark it as dead — those stones are removed and count for the surrounding player. Press Confirm / Final Score when both sides agree, or Resume Play if there is a disagreement to settle on the board.

Territory vs area scoring

There are two scoring traditions, and it helps to know both:

They usually give the same winner, differing by at most a point or two. This build uses area (Chinese) scoring: your score is your stones on the board plus the empty territory you enclose.

Beginner strategy

  1. Start in the corners, then the sides — corners are easiest to enclose because the board edges do part of the surrounding for you.
  2. Keep your groups connected and give them room to make two separate eyes (enclosed empty points), which makes them uncapturable.
  3. Do not chase every stone. Trading a small capture for a large framework of influence is usually the winning choice.
  4. Learn on 9×9. A small board teaches life, death, and capture in minutes before you scale up to 19×19.

Want another two-player abstract? Chess and Othello are close cousins in the strategy shelf.

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