Keyboard

• Space pause / resume
• 1 2 3 4 5 speed: paused / slow / med / fast / turbo
• v cycle view modes
• m toggle ambient music
• s toggle auto-rotation
• r reset world (regenerate)
• ? open this help
• Esc close help

View modes

• Elevation — topography; ice caps in white
• Temperature — surface temp with seasonal overlay
• Moisture — atmospheric water vapor
• Rivers — steepest-descent runoff accumulation
• Wind — zonal (east-west) wind component
• Biomes — Holdridge-style life zones
• Plates — tectonic plate IDs + motion arrows
• Vegetation — plant cover on land

Tools (left panel)

• Info — click a tile to inspect it
• Raise / Lower — sculpt terrain
• Flood — drop terrain below sea level
• Heat / Cool — change local temperature, melt/form ice
• Grass / Forest / Jungle — seed vegetation
• Animals — introduce fauna (requires plants)
• Monolith — black obelisk that advances evolution one stage
• Meteor — crater + global cooling event
• Volcano — local uplift + CO₂ release
• Industry — deforests + injects CO₂
• Deforest — strip vegetation, demote forest biomes

Sliders

• Radius — brush area (1–10 rings)
• Solar × — multiplier on the faint-young-sun curve (0.5–1.5)
• CO₂ forcing — ppm added every 100 Ky step (industrial emission)
• Axial tilt — 0–45°; drives season amplitude
• Seasons — enable seasonal T overlay in the temperature view

Climate physics

• Energy balance: insolation × (1−albedo), damped by relaxation + neighbor diffusion.
• Greenhouse: CO₂ log forcing (∼3 K / doubling), CH₄ log forcing, amplified by water-vapor feedback (Clausius-Clapeyron).
• Wind: 3-cell zonal pattern — trade easterlies 0–30°, westerlies 30–60°, polar easterlies >60°. Advects moisture.
• Precipitation: condenses when atmospheric moisture exceeds saturation capacity; orographic lift forces rain on windward slopes.
• Rivers: precipitation routed downhill by steepest descent.
• Tectonics: plates with angular velocity ω×r; convergent boundaries uplift, divergent ones thin crust.
• Wildfires: ignition ∝ veg × heat × dryness × O₂; release CO₂ + CH₄, consume O₂.
• Ocean CO₂: warm oceans outgas (Henry's law).
• Permafrost: warms above 5°C releases CH₄.
• Ice-albedo tipping: ice forms at T<−2°C, melts only above +3°C; thick glacial ice resists melting. Past ~78% ice cover, silicate weathering dies and volcanic CO₂ builds until greenhouse overpowers albedo — a Snowball Earth saddle-node bifurcation.
• Phase portrait (press P): opens a 2D phase plane of global T vs ice fraction with nullclines, vector field, and the Jacobian eigenvalues of the climate operating point. Saddle / node / spiral / center classification updates live.
• Console (press ` backtick): pop-up command line. Type help for the full list — spawn clades, fire events, set climate state, drive a clade extinct, force sapience, etc.

Life stages

• Lifeless → Prokaryotes → Eukaryotes → Multicellular → Land plants → Animals → Sapients → Civilization. Each gated by O₂, age, and climate stability.

Achievements